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- January 6, 1986ECONOMY & BUSINESSBubbly Times for Bulls
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- Wall Street is toasting a record-breaking market
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- It was the year that Newton's laws were repealed on Wall
- Street. What went up never came down--at least not for long.
- After starting 1985 at 1211.57, the Dow Jones industrial average
- broke the 1300 barrier in May, smashed 1400 in November and
- surged to a peak of 1553.10 on Dec. 16 before settling at
- 1543.00 at the end of last week. The advance was fueled by the
- billion-dollar money managers who handle the investments of
- pension funds, insurance companies and bank trust departments.
- By the end of the year, even the most cautious of these
- institutional investors were under pressure to join the rush
- rather than risk missing the greatest bull market of all time.
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- The stock surge was in part the product of encouraging economic
- signs: falling interest rates, low inflation, sagging oil
- prices, a declining dollar that will help reduce the U.S. trade
- deficit, and enactment of the Gramm-Rudman law to slash the
- federal budget deficit. The market was also driven by merger
- fever, as opportunistic investors pushed up the prices of
- companies thought to be takeover targets.
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- The relentless rally was not limited to the blue-chip stocks of
- the Dow. The Investor's Daily index of more than 5,200 stocks
- traded on the New York and American exchanges and over the
- counter had risen almost 33% in 1985 by the end of last week.
- From such familiar favorites as General Electric and American
- Express to small, obscure companies like California based
- IntelliCorp, which is developing artificial-intelligence
- programs for computers, the large majority of share prices went
- up. If investors picked stocks by throwing darts at the Wall
- Street Journal listings, they stood an excellent chance of
- making money.
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- Even high-technology shares, which were severely depressed in
- 1984, came back to life. Leading the way was IBM, the top
- computer manufacturer, which rose 26%, to 155 1/2. Smaller
- companies scored even more spectacular gains. Genentech, the
- gene-splicing firm, jumped 95%, to 66 5/8. Zenith Laboratories,
- a drug manufacturer, more than tripled, from 6 1/2 to 20. Other
- industries with high- flying stocks included drugs, retail
- clothing, insurance, cable TV, pollution control, and lawn and
- garden products.
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- This year's drop in oil prices produced a new cast of Wall
- Street winners and losers. It was a boon to the airlines, which
- got a break in their fuel bills. Shares of UAL, the parent of
- United Airlines, have gone up 12.5%, to 49 1/2. At the same
- time, oil company stocks have been lagging behind the rest of
- the market. Amoco shares have slipped from a high of 70 1/4 to
- 62 1/4, and Mobil's stock has dropped from a peak of 34 3/8 to
- 30 1/4.
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- Institutional investors have become an increasingly dominant
- force in the market. This year, for the first time in history,
- more than half the volume on the New York Stock Exchange
- resulted from trades of blocks of 10,000 shares or more. Such
- large deals are made almost exclusively by institutions.
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- At the same time, more and more individuals were putting their
- money on the line. A record 47 million Americans now own stock,
- up from 42 million in 1983. A major reason for the rise is the
- increasing income of women, who make up 57% of the new
- shareholders. A New York Stock Exchange study showed that the
- typical new investor is female, 34, married, works in a
- professional or technical position, has a $2,200 portfolio and
- an annual household income of about $35,000.
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- The fastest-growing investment vehicle of individuals is the
- mutual fund, which pools clients' money into huge stock
- portfolios. By buying shares in a fund, an individual can leave
- the stock picking to experts and still have a chance to reap big
- profits. October sales of mutual funds that invest primarily
- in U.S. stocks were $2 billion, up 50% from the same month a
- year ago.
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- While most individual investors seek the relative safety of
- funds, a select breed plays the hazardous game called risk
- arbitrage. These daredevils buy stocks in companies that they
- think are vulnerable to a takeover. If one of these firms does
- indeed receive a merger bid, the arbitragers stand to make huge
- profits, but they can suffer staggering losses if no deal
- materializes. In 1985, arbitragers boosted the price of shares
- in dozens of companies before they were acquired, including
- General Foods, RCA, Revlon and Richardson-Vicks.
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- The takeover rush also increased the value of stocks in a more
- fundamental way. To guard against hostile merger bids, many
- companies bought back a portion of their own shares. In many
- cases, a management group acquired all the stock through a
- so-called leveraged buyout and took the company private. In
- all, at least $100 billion worth of shares, or about 5% of the
- stock in American companies, was taken off the market by
- mergers, acquisitions, buyouts and stock-repurchase plans. That
- made the stock that was still being traded more valuable.
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- Many market watchers believe the rally will keep rolling in
- 1986. Says Mason Sexton, president of Wall Street's Harmonic
- Research: "You don't stand in the way of this bull if you value
- your life." He thinks the Dow will probably pierce 1600 before
- declining grudgingly. David Bostian, president of Manhattan's
- Bostian Research Associates, is optimistic about the long-term
- outlook for stocks but warns that the bulls may stumble in the
- next few months. Says he: "We're way overdue for a steep
- correction. An investor should not be doing aggressive new
- buying."
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- But the market has been in no mood to listen to words of
- caution, even from well-known seers like Joseph Granville. When
- Granville issued his famous "sell everything" recommendation on
- Jan. 6, 1981, the Dow dropped 23.8 points in a single day. This
- year Granville issued The Warning, a book predicting a
- stock-market crash comparable to the disaster of 1929. Since
- the book appeared in September, the Dow has climbed 22 points.
-
- --By Charles P. Alexander. Reported by Raji Samghabadi/New
- York
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